IGNOU MJM 20 2026 - Compare the Dominant Paradigm of development with the Participatory Pa

Question

Compare the Dominant Paradigm of development with the Participatory Paradigm in relation to a recent Indian government program. Evaluate the methods in which the government employed development support communication (DSC) strategies. Determine if the communication was conducted in a top-down fashion or if it actively involved members of the community at the grass roots level.

06 Feb 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 1059

The Dominant Paradigm of development refers to the traditional approach to development, which is often associated with economic growth, modernity, and a top-down methodology. This paradigm operates on the premise that development can be achieved through external interventions, primarily driven by state institutions, technocrats, or international organizations. The state or a development agency typically assumes the role of the primary actor in this framework, with the recipients of development being passive recipients of state-led initiatives. The dominant paradigm is often criticized for neglecting the voices and needs of the local communities, focusing primarily on structural changes, economic metrics, and expert-driven solutions. In contrast, the Participatory Paradigm of development is grounded in the belief that development should be a bottom-up process, involving active participation from local communities in the decision-making and implementation of projects. This paradigm emphasizes empowerment, social justice, and the recognition of local knowledge, culture, and practices. Rather than viewing communities as passive recipients of development, the participatory paradigm aims to make them active stakeholders in the development process. This model promotes an inclusive and equitable approach, fostering the idea that the people who are directly affected by development interventions should have a voice in shaping them. To understand the contrast between these two paradigms, one can look at the government programs that have been implemented in India in recent years. A prominent example of a government initiative that can be examined through the lens of these paradigms is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched in 2014 with the aim of increasing financial inclusion in India. The program was designed to bring the unbanked population into the formal banking sector, providing them with access to banking services, credit, insurance, and pension benefits. The PMJDY embodies aspects of both the dominant and participatory paradigms. The dominant paradigm is evident in the manner in which the program was structured and implemented. The government set the overarching goals

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