Citizenship in political theory refers to the legal and political status of an individual as a recognized member of a state, entitling them to certain rights and responsibilities. It embodies the relationship between the individual and the state, where the state guarantees protection, security, and participation in governance, while the individual owes allegiance and adherence to the laws of the state. Classical political theorists like Aristotle viewed citizenship as active participation in the polis, emphasizing civic engagement and moral responsibility, whereas modern theorists like T.H. Marshall expanded the concept to include civil, political, and social rights, highlighting equality,