Gregor Mendel, through his experiments on garden pea plants (*Pisum sativum*), established the fundamental principles of heredity that explain how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next. His work laid the foundation of classical genetics and remains highly relevant in human population genetics for understanding the inheritance of normal traits, genetic disorders, and patterns of genetic variation. Mendel selected pea plants because they had easily distinguishable contrasting traits, short generation time, and the ability to self-pollinate or cross-pollinate under controlled conditions. The first law proposed by Mendel is the Law of Dominance. According to this law, when two contrasting alleles of a character are present together in a heterozygous individual, only one allele is expressed, known as the dominant allele, while the other remains masked and is called the recessive allele. For example, when a pure tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a pure dwarf plant (tt), all the first filial (F₁) generation plants are tall (Tt), demonstrating that the allele for tallness