Human genetics is the branch of biological anthropology that studies heredity and variation in human populations. It examines how genetic traits are transmitted from parents to offspring and how genetic differences arise among individuals and populations. Human geneticists use several methods to understand the structure, functioning, inheritance, and variation of human genes. The family or pedigree method is one of the oldest methods of studying human genetics. In this method, information about a particular trait or disease is collected from several generations of a family and represented through a pedigree chart. By examining the pattern of occurrence, researchers can determine whether a trait is dominant, recessive, sex-linked, or influenced by multiple genes. This method is particularly useful for studying hereditary disorders such as haemophilia, colour blindness, and certain forms of albinism. The twin method is important for distinguishing the relative effects of heredity and environment. It mainly compares identical or monozygotic twins, who have almost the same genetic makeup, with fraternal or dizygotic twins, who share approximately half of their genes. If identical twins show greater similarity in a particular characteristic than fraternal twins, it suggests a stronger genetic influence. The method has been applied to the