Social change refers to the transformation of social structure, social institutions, cultural values, patterns of behavior, and relationships over time. It is a continuous and universal process that affects every society. Social change may be gradual or rapid, planned or unplanned, and may bring both positive and negative consequences. Various sociologists have identified several factors that contribute to social change, each influencing society in different ways. Technological factors are among the most significant causes of social change. Scientific discoveries and technological innovations transform the way people live, communicate, work, and interact. The invention of the internet, smartphones, artificial intelligence, and digital payment systems has revolutionized education, business, healthcare, and governance. Mechanization and automation have changed occupational structures, increased productivity, and influenced urbanization. Technology also affects social relationships, lifestyles, and cultural practices. Economic factors play a crucial role in bringing social change. Changes in modes of production, industrialization, globalization, and economic development reshape social institutions and class relations. Economic growth creates new employment opportunities, improves living standards, and encourages migration from rural to urban areas. At