The Lower Palaeolithic represents the earliest and longest phase of human cultural evolution, extending from about 2.6 million years ago to nearly 300,000 years ago. It is characterized by the manufacture of stone tools that reflect the gradual development of human cognitive abilities, manual dexterity, and adaptation to diverse environments. The stone tool-making techniques of this period provide valuable evidence about the technological skills and behavioural patterns of early hominins such as *Homo habilis*, *Homo erectus*, and early *Homo heidelbergensis*. The earliest stone tool-making tradition is the Oldowan or pebble tool industry, first identified at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. In this technique, a suitable pebble or cobble was selected as the raw material. The toolmaker struck one stone against another, known as direct hard hammer percussion, to remove a few flakes from the core. The resulting choppers, chopping tools, and flakes had sharp cutting edges suitable for butchering animals, cutting plants, breaking bones, and woodworking. The technique was simple, but it required knowledge of the angle and force of percussion to produce usable edges. The Acheulean tradition marked a major technological advancement during the Lower Palaeolithic. It originated around 1.7 million years ago and spread across Africa, Europe, and Asia. Acheulean toolmakers