Bipolar II disorder is a mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of major depression and hypomania. It is included under bipolar and related disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Unlike Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder does not involve full manic episodes. Instead, individuals experience at least one hypomanic episode and one or more major depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are often more frequent, longer-lasting, and more disabling than the hypomanic episodes, leading to significant impairment in social, occupational, and personal functioning. A hypomanic episode is defined as a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood accompanied by increased energy or activity lasting for at least four consecutive days. During this period, symptoms such as inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, heightened goal-directed activity, and excessive involvement in risky activities may be present. However, these symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning, require hospitalization, or involve psychotic features. If psychotic symptoms occur, the episode is classified as mania, indicating Bipolar I disorder. Major depressive episodes in Bipolar II disorder involve persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, impaired concentration, changes in appetite and sleep, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and recurrent thoughts of death or