Bioequivalence refers to the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or therapeutic moiety in pharmaceutical equivalents or pharmaceutical alternatives becomes available at the site of drug action when administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions. It is a critical concept in pharmaceutics and regulatory science, particularly in the approval of generic drug products, as it ensures that a generic formulation performs in the same manner as the innovator or reference product. Two drug products are considered bioequivalent when they show comparable bioavailability, meaning that the peak plasma concentration (Cmax), the time taken to reach peak concentration (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) do not differ significantly. AUC represents the extent of drug absorption, while Cmax and Tmax reflect the rate of absorption. Regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, EMA, and