i) Orthoepy is the branch of Russian phonetics that studies the norms and standards of correct literary pronunciation. The term originates from the Greek words *orthos* (correct) and *epos* (speech). Its primary purpose is to ensure uniformity in spoken language and to preserve the accepted pronunciation used in education, broadcasting, literature, and formal communication. Orthoepy establishes rules for the pronunciation of vowels and consonants, stress placement, assimilation of sounds, reduction of unstressed vowels, and the articulation of borrowed words. Since Russian spelling and pronunciation do not always correspond exactly, orthoepy plays a crucial role in helping speakers pronounce words according to literary norms rather than strictly following their written form. Russian orthoepy is based on the pronunciation standards of the modern literary language, particularly those historically associated with Moscow pronunciation. Dictionaries of pronunciation and stress serve as authoritative references for correct speech. Observing orthoepic norms improves clarity, expressiveness, and effectiveness in oral communication. It is especially important for teachers, actors, broadcasters, public speakers, and learners of Russian as a foreign language. Incorrect pronunciation or misplaced stress may change the meaning of words or create an impression of poor language proficiency. Therefore, the study of orthoepy