Farmer's movements in contemporary India play a significant role in shaping public discourse and influencing policy decisions. These movements are often driven by issues related to agricultural distress, land rights, the demand for fair prices, and the implementation of pro-farmer policies. Over the years, they have become important political forces, demanding better conditions for farmers, and challenging policies that they perceive as detrimental to their welfare.

The nature of farmer’s movements in India is multifaceted. Historically, these movements have been driven by rural distress caused by agricultural indebtedness, crop failures, lack of adequate government support, and exploitative market practices. Farmers, especially in states like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra, have been at the forefront of these struggles, often coming together to demand changes in agricultural policies and practices. While some movements focus on local issues such as water rights or land acquisition, others tackle broader national concerns, such as the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for crops, loan waivers, and subsidies for fertilizers and irrigation.

One of the prominent farmer movements in recent years has been the protests against the three controversial farm laws passed in 2020. The laws—The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, and The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act—were seen by many farmer unions as a threat to the MSP system and the Minimum Support Price. These laws were perceived to