Explain the layers of TCP/IP reference model. Compare its advantages and

disadvantages with respect to OSI model.

Explain the difference between analog bandwidth and digital bandwidth in communication systems.

Explain the sub-carrier multiplexing (SCM) scheme used in optical communication.

Why should it be used in conjunction with WDM?

Explain the construction and working of a directional coupler used in microwaves.

How does its function differ from an isolator?

State with reasons whether the following statements are True or False.

i) Sound and light waves are the only two ways of establishing a communication link.

ii) More number of bits will be required to transmit a signal using Hindi language

alphabets than using English language alphabets.

iii) In a standing wave pattern the distance between the two maxima is equal to the wavelength of the incident wave.

iv) It s advsable to have the hghest value of the ampltude modulaton ndex.

v) Frequency shift keying is modulation of digital carrier signal with an analog intelligent signal.

vi) Mobile telephony cannot handle analog signal.

vii) Colour television signal can be obtained by using black and white cameras.

viii) Only visible band signals can be transmitted through an optical fibre.

ix) Share level security provides stronger protection than user level security in a network.

x) WAP helps in connecting devices without cables.

Explain the layers of TCP/IP reference model. Compare its advantages and disadvantages with respect to OSI model.

With the help of p-n junction band diagrams, distinguish between the light emission processes in LED and laser diode.