Departmentalisation in travel agencies is a systematic approach to organizing the activities and functions of a travel agency into distinct departments based on specific criteria, such as type of service, customer needs, or geographical focus. The main purpose of departmentalisation is to enhance operational efficiency, streamline processes, and provide specialized services to clients. By dividing responsibilities, a travel agency can ensure that each department focuses on its core functions, thereby improving service quality, reducing errors, and facilitating better coordination among staff. One of the most common methods of departmentalisation in travel agencies is functional departmentalisation. Under this system, the agency is divided into departments according to the specific functions they perform. Typical functional departments in a travel agency include ticketing, reservations, tour operations, marketing and sales, customer service, accounting, and human resources. The ticketing department handles airline, railway, and bus ticket bookings, ensuring compliance with rules, fare structures, and schedules. The reservations department manages hotel bookings, travel packages, and other accommodations, providing clients with appropriate options based on their preferences and budgets. The tour operations department organizes tour packages, sightseeing itineraries, and local transport arrangements. Marketing and sales are responsible for promoting the agency's services, creating advertising campaigns, and developing new business leads, while customer service ensures client satisfaction, manages complaints, and provides information regarding services. Accounting maintains financial records, monitors revenue and expenses, and ensures compliance with tax regulations, whereas human resources focus on recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and employee welfare. Functional departmentalisation allows specialization, which improves efficiency, expertise, and accountability within the agency. Another approach is product-based departmentalisation, which involves grouping departments according to the type of travel product offered. In this model, the travel agency may have separate departments for domestic tours, international tours, business travel, adventure tourism, and luxury tourism. The domestic tours department focuses on planning and organizing trips within the country, including transport, accommodations, and sightseeing. The international tours department handles visas, international airline reservations, foreign hotels, and cultural guidance for travelers. Business travel departments cater to corporate clients, organizing conferences, meetings, and incentive trips, while adventure tourism departments specialize in activities like trekking, safaris, scuba diving, or skiing. Luxury tourism departments provide high-end travel services such as five-star accommodations, exclusive experiences, and personalized itineraries. Product-based departmentalisation helps the agency