Bank mergers occur when two or more banks combine to form a single institution with the objective of improving efficiency, strengthening financial stability, expanding market presence, and enhancing customer services. In the banking sector, mergers are considered an important strategy for creating strong and competitive financial institutions capable of meeting the growing demands of the economy. Mergers may take place voluntarily between healthy banks or may be initiated by regulatory authorities to protect depositors and maintain financial stability when a weak bank faces financial distress. One of the major reasons for bank mergers is to achieve economies of scale. By combining resources, banks can reduce operational costs, eliminate duplication of functions, and improve productivity. Larger banks can spread fixed costs over a wider customer base, resulting in better profitability. Mergers also enable banks to improve operational efficiency through better technology, centralized management, and optimized use of human resources. Another important reason is the strengthening of capital and financial position. Banks with inadequate capital or high levels of non-performing assets (NPAs) may merge with stronger institutions to improve their financial health. A merged bank generally has a stronger capital base, better risk-bearing capacity, and improved creditworthiness. This enables it to undertake larger lending activities and support economic growth more effectively. Market expansion is another significant motive behind bank mergers. Through mergers, banks can increase their