Agro ecosystems are considered relatively open with respect to nutrient cycles because there is continuous input and output of nutrients beyond the natural internal recycling processes. Unlike natural ecosystems, where nutrients are largely recycled within the system through decomposition and biological interactions, agricultural systems involve deliberate removal and addition of materials by human activities. One major reason is the harvesting of crops. When crops are harvested and transported away from the field, essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients contained in grains, fruits, and biomass are removed from the soil. In natural ecosystems, plant