B.R. Ambedkar’s critique of capitalism was deeply rooted in his concern for social justice, equality, and the economic upliftment of marginalized communities, especially the Depressed Classes. While he acknowledged that capitalism in its modern form had succeeded in creating wealth and fostering industrial growth, he was equally aware of its limitations, particularly the exploitation and widening economic disparities it generated. Ambedkar’s alternative to capitalism was not a straightforward adoption of socialism as theorized in Europe or Marxist thought, but a carefully crafted model that emphasized state intervention, social justice, and equitable distribution of resources to ensure both economic development and social harmony. Ambedkar’s economic thought was informed by his understanding that laissez-faire capitalism, if left unchecked, tends to concentrate wealth in the hands of a few while leaving the majority of the population, especially marginalized groups, in poverty. He believed that economic freedom alone was insufficient unless it was accompanied by social justice. This led him to propose a system that blended elements of private enterprise with strong state regulation. In Ambedkar’s view, the state had a crucial role in correcting market failures, providing basic welfare services, and ensuring that the benefits of economic growth reached all sections of society. He stressed that without state intervention, capitalism would continue to perpetuate social hierarchies and economic disparities that were already entrenched in Indian society. A core aspect of Ambedkar’s alternative to capitalism was his advocacy for land reforms and the redistribution of resources. He recognized that in India, feudal and semi-feudal landholding patterns were a significant obstacle to economic equality. By advocating for measures such as the abolition of landlordism and the provision of land to the landless, Ambedkar sought to create opportunities for