Modern liberalism or welfarism emerged as a response to the limitations of classical liberalism, which emphasized minimal state intervention, individual freedom, and free markets. While classical liberalism succeeded in expanding civil and political rights, it failed to address the deep social inequalities and economic hardships created by industrialization, capitalism, and unequal access to resources. Modern liberalism thus reinterprets the idea of freedom, focusing not only on the absence of state interference but also on the positive ability of individuals to realize their potential. It argues that true liberty requires social and economic conditions that enable individuals to exercise their rights meaningfully, which often necessitates proactive state intervention. Modern liberalism emphasizes a welfare state as an essential instrument to secure social justice. It acknowledges that formal equality is insufficient when individuals begin life