Teacher competence refers to the combination of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that enable a teacher to perform his or her professional responsibilities effectively. It includes the ability to plan, organize, implement, and evaluate teaching–learning processes in a way that promotes student understanding and development. At the tertiary level, teacher competence becomes especially important because higher education deals with adult learners, specialized knowledge, research orientation, and the preparation of skilled professionals. A competent teacher at the university or college level is not merely a transmitter of knowledge but also a facilitator, mentor, researcher, and guide who supports students in developing critical thinking, creativity, and independent learning abilities. One of the most important competencies required at the tertiary level is subject matter competence. A university teacher must possess deep and updated knowledge of the subject he or she teaches. Higher education involves advanced and specialized topics, and students expect their teachers to have expertise and authority in their discipline. Subject competence enables teachers to explain complex concepts clearly, relate theoretical knowledge to practical situations, and answer students’ questions effectively. Moreover, teachers must continuously update their knowledge through reading, research, attending seminars, and participating in academic discussions so that their teaching remains relevant and current. Pedagogical competence is another essential aspect of effective teaching at the tertiary level. Pedagogical competence refers to the knowledge and skills related to teaching methods, instructional strategies, and the learning process. Teachers must understand how students learn, how to present content in an organized manner, and how to use appropriate teaching techniques to facilitate