Globalization is a multidimensional process that refers to the growing interconnectedness and interdependence of nations, economies, cultures, technologies, and governance systems across the world. It signifies the integration of markets, people, and ideas at a scale and speed never witnessed before in human history. With the advancement of technology, transport, communication, and international cooperation, the barriers between countries have become increasingly blurred, allowing goods, services, information, and even social values to move freely across borders. In the context of sustainable development and smart cities, globalization plays a transformative role because it directly influences how societies design, manage, and implement solutions for urbanization, resource utilization, and global challenges such as climate change. The pace of globalization has accelerated in recent decades due to several interrelated reasons. One of the most prominent factors is the rapid advancement in information and communication technology. The internet, digital platforms, and innovations in artificial intelligence and data analytics have revolutionized the way people interact and businesses operate. Transactions that once took days or weeks can now be completed in seconds across vast distances. For smart cities, such technology enables real-time management of energy systems, transportation networks, and waste disposal, ensuring efficiency and sustainability while being interconnected with global standards. Another significant factor contributing to the enhanced pace of globalization is the liberalization of trade and investment policies. Many governments have reduced tariffs, dismantled protectionist barriers, and welcomed foreign investment, making it easier for companies to establish global supply chains. This free movement of capital and goods has allowed cities to access international markets, foster industrial growth, and create employment opportunities. Moreover, partnerships between governments and multinational corporations have facilitated the transfer of advanced technologies, enabling smart city development to be aligned with global best practices in sustainability. Improvements in transportation and logistics have also played a crucial role. Modern shipping, aviation, and high-speed rail networks allow people and products to move quickly and at relatively lower costs. Global cities serve as nodes in these transportation networks, making them strategic centers of economic and cultural exchange. The development of smart transportation systems, such as electric buses, app-based ride-sharing, and integrated metro networks, often draws inspiration from global models and innovations, showing how mobility is both a driver and product of globalization. Another reason behind the rapid pace of globalization is the expansion of multinational corporations and global financial institutions. These entities operate beyond borders, creating interconnected economies. Their activities not only create jobs but also promote cross-cultural exposure and facilitate the sharing of expertise, particularly in urban infrastructure and digital technology. For example, smart cities adopt international standards for renewable energy grids, sustainable building designs, and urban water management practices, which are influenced by multinational collaborations and knowledge sharing. Globalization is also driven by the increased mobility of