Extended Producer Responsibility represents a policy approach under which producers are assigned significant responsibility—financial, physical, or both—for the treatment, recycling, or safe disposal of products once they reach end-of-life. The principle is rooted in corporate ethics and governance because it shifts accountability beyond the point of sale, ensuring that companies internalize the environmental costs of their products instead of transferring the burden to society or the state. By mandating responsible behavior across the product lifecycle, EPR reinforces transparency, corporate responsibility, and sustainable business practices. It also encourages producers to design environmentally friendly products, reduce waste generation, and contribute to a circular economy. In India, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has notified EPR rules across multiple sectors, including plastic waste management, e-waste management, battery waste management, and used oil. These rules were framed to ensure that producers, importers, and brand owners adopt responsible practices aligned with environmental protection and ethical corporate governance. Under these rules, producers are required to minimize the environmental footprint of their products by taking responsibility for collection, recycling, and environmentally sound disposal. This approach establishes clear obligations along supply chains and enhances accountability through registration, reporting, and verification mechanisms. For plastic waste, the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2022 introduced comprehensive EPR obligations. Producers, importers, and brand owners must register on the centralized EPR portal and fulfill annual recycling targets based on the category of plastic they use. They are required to ensure the collection and recycling of plastic packaging waste equivalent to the quantity they introduce into the market. Obligations are divided into categories such as rigid plastics, flexible plastics, multilayered plastics, and compostable plastics. The rules specify minimum recycling percentages and mandate the use of recycled content in the production process, thereby promoting circularity. Brand owners must also work with waste management agencies and recyclers to ensure traceability and transparency, reflecting ethical governance in supply chain management. Similarly, the E-Waste Management Rules, 2022 expand the responsibility of producers of electrical and electronic equipment. These entities must collect e-waste through take-back systems or authorized collection centers and meet annual collection and recycling targets expressed as a percentage of sales in