Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life forms present on earth, encompassing all organisms ranging from microorganisms to plants and animals, along with the ecological complexes they form and the processes that support them. It includes diversity within species (genetic diversity), diversity between species (species diversity), and diversity of ecosystems (ecosystem diversity). Genetic diversity is vital for adaptation and survival in changing environmental conditions, species diversity reflects the richness and abundance of different species within a particular habitat, and ecosystem diversity highlights the range of different ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts. Biodiversity contributes significantly to the stability, resilience, and productivity of ecosystems by ensuring that ecological functions such as nutrient cycling, soil fertility, pollination, pest control, and climate regulation are maintained. It provides humans with essential goods like food, medicine, fuel, fiber, and raw materials, as well as services such as clean air, fresh water, and climate moderation. Beyond material benefits, biodiversity supports cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic values, making it integral to human well-being. In the context of urban development, biodiversity often suffers due to rapid industrialization, population growth, and infrastructure expansion. Urbanization leads to the conversion of natural habitats into built-up areas, fragmentation of landscapes, increased pollution levels, introduction of invasive species, and overexploitation of resources. As a result, many species lose their natural habitats and are unable to adapt to altered conditions, leading to declines in population and, in some cases, extinction. The reduction of biodiversity has severe ecological consequences because ecosystems