Bioethics, as a branch of applied ethics, focuses on the ethical implications of biological and medical practices, research, and technologies. One of the primary issues in bioethics is informed consent, which emphasizes that patients or research participants must be fully aware of the risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to treatment or participation. Informed consent respects individual autonomy and is critical in ensuring that medical interventions are ethically justified. Closely related to this is the challenge of autonomy versus paternalism, where healthcare providers must balance respecting a patient’s personal choices with the perceived need to guide them toward beneficial decisions. Another major concern in bioethics is end-of-life decision-making, including euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and withdrawal of life support. These issues raise profound questions about the value of life, human dignity, and the moral permissibility of