| What are the characteristics of a reference electrode? Describe the construction and working of a Calomel electrode. |
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A reference electrode is an essential component in electro-analytical techniques, providing a stable and known potential against which the potential of the working electrode can be measured. It is characterized by several key features:
1. Stability: A reference electrode must maintain a constant and well-defined potential over time. This stability is crucial for accurate electrochemical measurements.
2. Reproducibility: The electrode's potential should be reproducible in different experiments and under various conditions. Consistency is vital for reliable results.
3. Inertness: It should not participate in the electrochemical reactions occurring in the solution. The reference electrode should remain chemically inert to prevent interference with the system being studied.
4. Compatibility: The reference electrode should be compatible with the electrolyte solution and
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