Sustainable activities are those human actions that meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, while non-sustainable activities are those that deplete resources, damage ecosystems, and create long-term environmental or social problems. The idea of sustainability gained global importance through initiatives promoted by the United Nations, which emphasized balancing environmental protection, economic growth, and social development. Sustainable activities include renewable energy use, water conservation, sustainable agriculture, waste recycling, and eco-friendly urban planning. These activities help maintain biodiversity, reduce pollution, and ensure long-term availability of natural resources. For example, promoting solar and wind energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions, which is critical according to climate assessments released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In contrast, non-sustainable activities include excessive deforestation, overfishing, fossil fuel overuse, industrial pollution, and unplanned urbanization. These activities cause soil