Journalism is often described as the Fourth Estate because it functions as an independent pillar that supports and protects democracy alongside the legislature, executive, and judiciary. In a democratic society, power is distributed among different institutions to prevent misuse and ensure accountability. Journalism acts as a watchdog over these institutions by collecting information, verifying facts, and presenting them to the public. By doing so, it enables citizens to make informed decisions, especially during elections, public debates, and policy discussions. The Fourth Estate plays a critical role in promoting transparency, protecting civil liberties, and strengthening democratic participation. One of the primary roles of journalism in a democratic society is to inform citizens. Democracy depends on an informed public that can participate meaningfully in governance. Journalists gather information about government policies, economic conditions, social issues, and international developments. Through news reports, investigative stories, and analytical articles, they help citizens understand complex issues. For example, reporting on government budgets, public health schemes, or environmental policies helps people understand how decisions affect their daily lives. Without reliable journalism, citizens may rely on rumors or propaganda, which can weaken democratic processes. Another important role is holding those in power accountable. Journalism investigates corruption, misuse of authority, and unethical behavior by public officials, corporations, and influential individuals. Investigative journalism has exposed major scandals across the world, leading to resignations, policy reforms, and legal action. By questioning authority and demanding transparency, journalism discourages abuse of power. This watchdog function ensures that leaders remain answerable to the people. In democracies, freedom of the press allows journalists to question policies, challenge decisions, and highlight injustices without fear of censorship. Journalism also serves as a platform for public debate and discussion. A democratic society encourages diverse opinions and open dialogue. News media provide space for experts, policymakers, activists, and ordinary citizens to share views on important issues. Editorials, opinion columns, and debate shows help shape public opinion and encourage civic engagement. Through digital platforms, this role has expanded further, allowing people to participate in discussions through comments, blogs, and social media interactions. In addition, journalism gives voice to marginalized and underrepresented communities. Many social problems, such as poverty, discrimination, and human rights violations, gain public attention only