Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) refers to the integration of environmental considerations into supply chain activities, including product design, material sourcing, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, warehousing, distribution, and end-of-life product management. It aims to minimize the environmental impact of supply chain operations while maintaining economic efficiency and meeting customer expectations. In today's competitive business environment, organizations increasingly adopt green practices not only to comply with environmental regulations but also to improve overall organizational performance. One of the most significant impacts of Green Supply Chain Management is improved cost efficiency. Although the initial investment in green technologies and sustainable processes may be high, organizations achieve substantial long-term cost savings. Efficient utilization of raw materials, energy, and water reduces production costs. Waste reduction, recycling, and reuse of materials minimize disposal expenses and lower procurement costs. Lean manufacturing combined with green practices helps eliminate unnecessary activities, thereby reducing operational inefficiencies. Energy-efficient machinery and renewable energy sources also decrease electricity and fuel expenses. Optimized transportation routes and improved vehicle utilization reduce fuel consumption and logistics costs. Reverse logistics enables companies to recover valuable materials from returned or used products, creating additional revenue