Ecological Systems Theory explains disability as an outcome of continuous interaction between an individual and multiple layers of the environment rather than as a fixed personal limitation. Developed by Bronfenbrenner, the theory emphasizes that human development and functioning are shaped by nested systems that influence behavior, opportunities, and participation. In the context of disability and rehabilitation, this perspective shifts attention from impairments alone to environmental, social, and institutional factors that enable or restrict inclusion. At the individual’s immediate level, the microsystem includes family, peers, caregivers, school, and workplace settings. Supportive family attitudes, accessible schools, and inclusive workplaces can reduce functional limitations by encouraging participation and independence. Conversely, overprotection, stigma within the family, or inaccessible physical environments can intensify disability by limiting skill development and social engagement. Rehabilitation outcomes are therefore closely linked to the quality of interactions in these immediate settings. The mesosystem represents the relationships between different microsystems, such as coordination between family