B.R. Ambedkar’s understanding of federalism was deeply rooted in the historical, social, and political context of India during the early twentieth century. For Ambedkar, federalism was not merely a structural arrangement of government but a necessary instrument for managing diversity, ensuring representation, and sustaining democracy in a country characterized by social inequalities, linguistic multiplicity, and regional variations. His definition of federalism can be understood as a constitutional and political framework that ensures the division of powers between a central authority and constituent units, with each level of government retaining a certain degree of sovereignty in its sphere. Ambedkar emphasized that a federal system should prevent the over-concentration of power at the center, protect the rights of minorities and weaker regions, and provide mechanisms for self-governance while maintaining the unity of the nation. Ambedkar’s views on federalism were shaped by his exposure to Western political thought as well as the practical realities of colonial India. He studied federal systems such as those in the United States, Canada, and Australia, analyzing how these systems accommodated diversity and balanced central authority with regional autonomy. He recognized that India’s vastness, multiplicity of languages, religions, castes, and economic conditions necessitated a federal structure that could manage conflicting interests and prevent domination by a single