Electric vehicles rely on advanced power electronics and control systems to manage the flow of electrical energy between the battery, motor, and auxiliary components. Among the most crucial elements of this power management system are inverters, converters, and motor control units (MCUs). These components work together to regulate electrical power, ensure efficient energy conversion, and optimize vehicle performance, reliability, and energy efficiency. Their coordinated functioning determines how effectively an electric vehicle accelerates, maintains speed, regenerates braking energy, and manages overall energy consumption. The inverter plays a fundamental role in the propulsion system of an electric vehicle. In most EVs, the battery stores electrical energy in the form of direct current (DC). However, many electric traction motors, particularly AC induction motors or permanent magnet synchronous motors, operate using alternating current (AC). The inverter acts as an electronic device that converts the DC power supplied by the battery into AC power required by the motor. This conversion is essential for the motor to function properly and efficiently. Beyond simple conversion, the inverter also regulates the frequency and voltage of the AC power delivered to the motor. By controlling these parameters, the inverter determines the speed and torque of the electric motor. When the driver presses the accelerator pedal, the inverter adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the AC signal to increase motor speed and torque. Conversely, when the vehicle slows down, the inverter reduces these parameters. Through high-speed switching devices such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or silicon carbide (SiC) transistors, the inverter precisely modulates electrical power to deliver smooth acceleration and efficient motor operation. Another important function of the inverter is its role in regenerative braking. During braking or deceleration, the electric motor operates in reverse mode as a generator. Instead of consuming electrical energy, it converts the vehicle’s kinetic energy back into electrical energy. The inverter manages this process by converting the AC generated by the motor back into DC so that it can be stored in the battery. This process significantly improves the energy efficiency of electric vehicles by recovering energy that would otherwise be lost as heat in conventional braking systems. Converters are another vital component in electric vehicle power electronics. While the inverter deals primarily with converting DC to AC for motor operation, converters handle the transformation of voltage levels within the vehicle’s electrical system. Electric vehicles typically have multiple electrical subsystems that operate at different voltage levels. The traction battery may operate at high voltage levels, often between 200 and 800 volts, while auxiliary systems such as lighting, infotainment systems, sensors, and control electronics require much lower voltages, usually around 12 volts or 48 volts. Converters ensure that electrical energy can be safely and efficiently distributed to these various systems. The most common type of converter used in EVs is the DC-DC converter. This device converts high-voltage DC from the traction battery into low-voltage DC for auxiliary components. Without this converter, the vehicle would need a separate low-voltage battery system that requires independent charging and maintenance. The DC-DC