The relationship between gender and biology is central to the Sociology of Gender, which distinguishes between biological sex and socially constructed gender. Biological sex refers to physical attributes such as chromosomes, hormones, reproductive organs, and secondary sexual characteristics that classify individuals as male, female, or intersex. Gender, however, refers to the roles, behaviors, expectations, and identities that societies construct around these biological differences. Sociology argues that while biology provides certain physical distinctions, the meanings attached to these distinctions are shaped by culture and social processes. From a sociological perspective, biological differences do not automatically determine social roles. For example, traits such as