Question
Explain the mechanism of RNA interference and discuss its applications in gene silencing and therapeutics.
Answer :
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression by degrading specific mRNA molecules, preventing them from being translated into proteins. The process begins with the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the cell. This dsRNA is processed by the enzyme Dicer into small interfering RNA (siRNA), typically around 20-25 nucleotides in length. The siRNA is then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which unwinds the siRNA and guides the complex to complementary mRNA sequences. Once bound to the target mRNA, RISC induces cleavage of the mRNA, resulting in its degradation
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