Question
Explain the mechanism of neurotoxicity by methylmercury and cardiovascular injury by cardiac glycosides.
Answer :
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Methylmercury is a highly neurotoxic compound that exerts its effects primarily through disruption of neuronal function and cellular homeostasis. Upon exposure, methylmercury readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in the central nervous system due to its lipophilic nature. It binds strongly to sulfhydryl groups in proteins and enzymes, disrupting their normal function. One critical mechanism is the inhibition of neuronal microtubule assembly, which impairs axonal transport and neurotransmitter release, leading to neuronal degeneration. Methylmercury also induces oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species, depleting cellular antioxidants like glutathione, and causing lipid peroxidation in neuronal membranes. Furthermore, it interferes
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