The innovation theory of intellectual property, particularly in the context of patents, is grounded in the idea that legal protection of inventions serves as an incentive mechanism to promote technological progress and economic development. It is closely linked with utilitarian philosophy, which argues that the primary purpose of granting exclusive rights to inventors is not merely to reward them, but to encourage the creation and dissemination of new knowledge for the greater benefit of society. Under this theory, innovation is seen as a cumulative and socially beneficial process that requires a supportive legal framework to flourish. At its core, the innovation theory posits that inventors invest time, effort, and resources into developing new products or processes, often involving substantial risks. Without legal protection, competitors could easily copy these innovations without bearing the same costs, thereby discouraging original inventors from investing in research and development. Patents, by granting a temporary monopoly over the use and commercialization of an invention, provide inventors with an opportunity to recoup their investments and earn profits. This exclusivity is justified as a necessary trade-off, as it ultimately leads to increased innovation, technological advancement, and public welfare. The innovation theory also emphasizes the role of patents in promoting disclosure. In order to obtain a patent, an inventor must disclose the details of the invention in a manner that is sufficiently clear and complete. This requirement ensures that knowledge is shared with the public, enabling others to learn from and build upon the invention. Over time, this contributes to a cumulative process of innovation, where new inventions are based on previous ones. In this sense, patents are not only protective tools but also instruments for knowledge dissemination and technological progress. One of