Energy efficiency and conservation are central components of modern energy planning because they directly reduce energy demand while maintaining the same level of economic output and service quality. In energy economics, improving efficiency lowers the cost of energy services, reduces wastage, and enhances overall productivity. By using advanced technologies, efficient appliances, improved industrial processes, and better building designs, societies can achieve significant reductions in energy consumption without compromising development goals. From a planning perspective, energy efficiency helps in managing demand growth, thereby reducing the need for large investments in new power plants, transmission lines, and fuel imports. This