The Paris Agreement on Climate Change is regarded as one of the most important international frameworks in the fight against global warming and the broader impacts of climate change. Adopted on December 12, 2015 at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris, this agreement brought together nearly all nations of the world in a collective commitment to limit greenhouse gas emissions and pursue sustainable pathways for development. Its features make it distinct from earlier climate treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol, because it seeks to include all countries—developed and developing—in a single unified framework. The Paris Agreement is legally binding in certain procedural aspects, while leaving flexibility in implementation so that countries can act according to their national circumstances. Understanding its features is crucial for comprehending how the world community is working toward addressing one of the greatest environmental challenges of the century. One of the most significant features of the Paris Agreement is its long-term temperature goal. The Agreement seeks to limit the rise in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and also aims to pursue efforts to restrict the rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. This ambitious target reflects the scientific consensus that exceeding these thresholds would result in catastrophic and irreversible damage to ecosystems, societies, and economies. The inclusion of the 1.5-degree aspiration, largely championed by small island nations and vulnerable developing countries, demonstrates the spirit of inclusivity and fairness in the negotiation process. The emphasis on a clear temperature target provides the Agreement with a central guiding principle around which other commitments are framed. Another major feature is the system of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Unlike the Kyoto Protocol, which imposed binding emission reduction targets primarily on developed countries, the Paris Agreement requires every Party to submit its own voluntary pledges for reducing emissions or adapting to climate change. These NDCs are nationally driven, reflecting the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.” Each country decides the scope, ambition, and timing of its contribution, taking into account its national priorities, resources, and capacities. The NDC framework is dynamic in nature, as countries are expected to update and enhance their commitments every five years, thereby creating a cycle of increasing ambition over time. This “ratchet mechanism” ensures that collective efforts are strengthened progressively rather than stagnating at initial commitments. Transparency and accountability are also core features of the Paris Agreement. To build trust and ensure credibility, the Agreement establishes a robust transparency framework under which countries must regularly report on their greenhouse gas emissions, progress in implementing NDCs, and adaptation measures. Reports are subject to technical expert reviews and peer discussions, creating a system of international scrutiny. Although the Agreement avoids punitive enforcement mechanisms, the emphasis on transparency, public reporting, and international review exerts moral and diplomatic pressure on Parties to meet their obligations. This approach fosters trust among nations and encourages peer accountability, which is essential in a cooperative global effort. Adaptation is given equal importance alongside mitigation