Conservation agricultural practices play a vital role in enhancing soil organic carbon and strengthening overall soil health, especially under the growing challenges of climate change. These practices aim to minimize soil disturbance, preserve biodiversity, optimize water use, and maintain continuous ground cover. Together, they help soils function as effective carbon sinks, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels while supporting sustainable agricultural productivity. By focusing on soil as a living ecosystem rather than simply a medium for crop growth, conservation agriculture promotes long-term resilience, higher fertility, and improved climate adaptability for farming systems. One of the most important conservation agricultural practices for enhancing soil organic carbon is reduced or zero tillage. Conventional ploughing breaks soil aggregates, exposes organic matter to oxidation, and accelerates carbon loss. In contrast, zero tillage leaves the soil largely undisturbed, allowing carbon to accumulate over time as plant residues decompose naturally. The reduced disturbance helps preserve soil structure, enhances microbial activity, and encourages the formation of stable soil aggregates that store carbon more effectively. Over the long term, fields managed under zero tillage show significant improvements in soil carbon content, better water infiltration, and reduced erosion, all contributing to healthier soil ecosystems. Crop residue retention is another key practice that directly enhances soil organic carbon levels. Leaving crop residues such as leaves, stalks, and roots on the soil surface creates a protective organic mulch layer that decomposes slowly, enriching the soil with essential carbon-based compounds. This organic cover moderates soil temperature, reduces evaporation, and suppresses weed growth. More importantly, residue retention provides a continuous food source for soil organisms like earthworms, fungi, and beneficial bacteria, which play crucial roles in breaking down organic matter and stabilizing carbon in the soil matrix. The resulting increase in soil organic matter improves nutrient availability, enhances cation exchange capacity, and builds a more resilient soil structure capable of withstanding environmental stresses. Crop diversification and crop rotation also make significant contributions to soil carbon sequestration and soil health. Growing different crops in sequence, especially those with varied rooting patterns and nutrient requirements, enriches soil