Forest fires are one of the most destructive environmental phenomena, with far-reaching ecological, social, and economic implications. They have both natural and human-induced causes, and their consequences are deeply tied to the broader context of climate change, biodiversity loss, and human livelihoods. Forests act as the lungs of the planet, absorbing carbon dioxide and providing oxygen, sheltering wildlife, and regulating ecosystems. When they are destroyed by fire, the damage extends far beyond the immediate flames, contributing to global warming and weakening natural resilience. The causes of forest fires can be broadly classified into natural factors and anthropogenic factors. Among the natural causes, lightning is the most common trigger. During thunderstorms, lightning strikes can ignite dry vegetation, particularly in regions with high temperatures and low humidity. Prolonged droughts, increasingly frequent due to climate change, create highly flammable conditions in forested areas. Dry leaves, twigs, and dead wood act as fuel, making even a small spark capable of setting off a large fire. In some ecosystems, such as the Mediterranean forests or Australian bushlands, fire is a natural ecological process, and the flora has adapted to periodic burning. However, the intensity and frequency of these fires have escalated in recent decades due to global climatic shifts. Human-induced factors are even more significant in causing forest fires. Uncontrolled agricultural activities, such as slash-and-burn practices, often lead to runaway fires. Farmers in tropical regions clear land for cultivation by setting fire to vegetation, but when these fires escape control, they engulf large forest areas. Illegal logging operations, mining, and expansion of human settlements contribute to increased vulnerability, as roads and human access create more ignition points. Carelessness, such as campfires left unattended, discarded cigarettes, or sparks from machinery, is another major cause. In some instances, forest fires are deliberately set for political, economic, or social reasons, further exacerbating the problem. The consequences of forest fires are devastating and multidimensional. One of the most critical impacts is on the environment and biodiversity. Fires destroy vegetation, kill animals, and disrupt ecosystems. Large