Sensory and perceptual development in infants and children refers to the progressive refinement of the ability to receive, organize, interpret, and respond to information from the environment. Sensation involves the detection of stimuli through sensory organs, whereas perception involves the brain’s interpretation of those sensory signals. From birth onward, infants actively engage with their surroundings, and their sensory systems provide the foundation for cognitive, motor, social, and emotional development. The maturation of the brain, combined with environmental experiences, shapes how children learn to see, hear, touch, taste, and smell, and how they integrate these inputs into meaningful patterns. Vision is one of the most extensively studied sensory systems in infancy. At birth, visual acuity is limited; newborns see best at a distance of about 20 to 25 centimeters, which corresponds to the typical distance between the infant and caregiver during feeding. Their ability to focus improves rapidly during the first six months as the retina and visual cortex mature. Infants show a preference for high-contrast patterns and are particularly attracted to human faces. By two to three months, they can track moving objects smoothly, and depth perception begins to emerge around six to seven months, as demonstrated by experiments such as the visual cliff paradigm. Color vision also develops early, with most infants able to discriminate primary colors by three to four months. As children grow, visual perception becomes more sophisticated, enabling them to recognize shapes, letters, and spatial relationships necessary for reading and