Question
Explain Intellectual Disability and its characteristics. Discuss early identification procedures and strategies for early intervention.
Answer :
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Intellectual Disability refers to a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which originate during the developmental period, usually before the age of eighteen. Intellectual functioning relates to general mental abilities such as reasoning, learning, problem solving, abstract thinking, and academic skills. Adaptive behavior involves the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that people use in their everyday lives. Intellectual Disability is not a disease but a developmental condition, and its impact varies widely depending on the individual’s level of functioning, environmental support, and access to educational and rehabilitative services. The characteristics of Intellectual Disability are generally observed in three major domains: intellectual, adaptive, and developmental. In the intellectual domain, individuals show below-average intelligence, often measured through standardized intelligence tests, with limitations in memory, attention, comprehension, and reasoning abilities. Learning is usually slower, and there may be
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