IGNOU BBCS 185 2026 - Explain how multiple sequence alignment using CLUSTALW can b

Question

Explain how multiple sequence alignment using CLUSTALW can be applied to study evolutionary relationships among proteins.

10 Feb 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 494

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a foundational technique in bioinformatics used to compare three or more biological sequences, such as proteins or nucleotides, in order to identify regions of similarity that may indicate functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships. CLUSTALW is one of the most widely used tools for performing multiple sequence alignment due to its efficiency and reliability. It employs a progressive alignment method, which begins by calculating pairwise alignments between all sequences to generate a similarity matrix. From this matrix, CLUSTALW constructs a guide tree, often using a neighbor-joining method, which reflects the approximate evolutionary distances among the sequences. This guide tree is then used to progressively align the sequences in a stepwise manner, starting with the most closely related sequences and adding

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