Food is a basic necessity of life and can be defined as any substance, whether solid or liquid, that is consumed by living organisms to provide energy, maintain growth, repair tissues, and regulate body processes. It is the primary source of nutrients that the body requires to perform its physiological functions effectively. The nutrients present in food include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, each playing a unique and indispensable role in maintaining health. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, supplying glucose which is utilized by cells for metabolic activities. Proteins serve as building blocks for tissues, muscles, enzymes, and hormones, and are essential for growth and repair. Fats are concentrated sources of energy, aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and are crucial for maintaining cell membrane integrity. Vitamins and minerals, although required in smaller quantities, are vital for regulating biochemical reactions, supporting the immune system, and ensuring proper growth and development. Water, the most essential nutrient, facilitates transport of nutrients, excretion of waste, thermoregulation, and maintenance of cellular structure. Together, these nutrients ensure that the body functions optimally, and their deficiency or excess can lead to health complications. Food not only provides the body with energy and materials for growth and repair but also has several other important functions. It supports physiological functions such as digestion, circulation, and nerve conduction. It also plays a role in maintaining body temperature and osmotic balance, and in the synthesis of essential compounds such as hormones and enzymes. Nutritionally adequate food promotes physical health, enhances mental capabilities, improves productivity, and increases resistance to diseases. Moreover, food has social and cultural significance, influencing traditions, habits, and social interactions. Proper nutrition ensures balanced physical and mental development, particularly in vulnerable groups such as infants, children, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. Malnutrition, which arises from inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients, can significantly compromise these functions and lead to a cascade of adverse health effects. Malnutrition can be described as a condition resulting from insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. It includes undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient