Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere at concentrations that adversely affect living organisms and the environment. It is primarily caused by both anthropogenic and natural factors. Among human-induced causes, industrial emissions play a major role, as factories release large quantities of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the air. Rapid urbanization and increasing vehicular traffic contribute significantly through the emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and fine particulates. The burning of fossil fuels for energy production in thermal power plants further intensifies air pollution. Agricultural practices such as stubble burning in regions like North India release massive amounts of smoke and pollutants during specific seasons. Additionally, domestic activities, including the use of biomass fuels like wood and cow dung for cooking, are major contributors in rural areas. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and dust storms, which