In situ conservation refers to the protection, maintenance, and management of living organisms within their natural habitats where they have evolved and continue to interact with the surrounding biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. The concept emphasizes conserving entire ecosystems rather than isolated species, thereby allowing natural evolutionary processes such as adaptation, speciation, and ecological interactions to continue uninterrupted. It is grounded in the understanding that biodiversity is best preserved when species are allowed to survive, reproduce, and adapt within the complex web of relationships that define their natural environment. In situ conservation thus contrasts with ex situ conservation, where species are protected outside their natural habitats, such as in zoos, botanical gardens, or gene banks. The primary objective of in situ conservation is to ensure the long-term survival of species by safeguarding their habitats from degradation, fragmentation, and exploitation. It recognizes that organisms do not exist in isolation but are part of intricate ecological networks involving predators, prey, competitors, symbionts, and decomposers. Protecting these networks helps maintain ecological balance, nutrient cycling, energy flow, and ecosystem services such as pollination, soil formation, water regulation, and climate moderation. In situ conservation also preserves genetic diversity within populations, which is critical for resilience against environmental changes, diseases, and climate variability. National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries play a central role in implementing in situ conservation by legally designating specific areas for the protection of flora, fauna, and ecosystems. These protected areas are established under national legislation and are managed by government authorities with the primary aim of conserving biodiversity and ecological integrity. By restricting or regulating human activities such as hunting, logging, mining, and large-scale development, these areas provide relatively undisturbed environments where natural processes can operate with minimal anthropogenic interference. National Parks are among the most strictly protected categories of conservation areas. They are typically large tracts of land or water set aside to conserve scenic landscapes, ecosystems,