Evidence is the foundation of every legal proceeding because it enables the court to ascertain the truth and deliver justice. The law of evidence classifies evidence into different categories based on its nature and source. Two important classifications are primary and secondary evidence, and oral and documentary evidence. Understanding these distinctions is essential for the proper appreciation and admissibility of evidence in judicial proceedings. Primary evidence refers to the original document itself that is produced before the court for inspection. It is regarded as the best evidence because it directly proves the contents of the document without the possibility of alteration or inaccuracy. For example, if a contract is in dispute, the original signed contract produced before the court is primary evidence. Courts generally require primary evidence whenever the contents of a document are to be proved. It carries greater evidentiary value because it minimizes the risk of fraud or manipulation. Secondary evidence refers to evidence that is not the original document but is used to prove the contents of the original when primary evidence cannot be produced. It includes certified copies, photocopies, counterparts, oral accounts of the contents of documents, or other legally recognized substitutes. Secondary evidence is admissible only under specific circumstances, such as when the original