Question
वेतन संहिता अधिनियम, 2019 (कोड ऑन वेजेस एक्ट, 2019) का संक्षिप्त विवरण दें।
Answer :
Word Count : 1301
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Skip in 10
वेतन संहिता अधिनियम, 2019 (Code on Wages Act, 2019) भारत सरकार द्वारा श्रम कानूनों में सुधार, सरलीकरण तथा एकरूपता स्थापित करने के उद्देश्य से बनाया गया एक महत्वपूर्ण श्रम कानून है। यह अधिनियम 8 अगस्त, 2019 को संसद द्वारा पारित किया गया तथा इसका उद्देश्य देश के सभी श्रमिकों को उचित एवं समय पर वेतन उपलब्ध कराना, न्यूनतम मजदूरी का अधिकार सुनिश्चित करना तथा वेतन भुगतान संबंधी नियमों को अधिक प्रभावी बनाना है। इस अधिनियम ने पूर्व में लागू चार प्रमुख श्रम कानूनों—वेतन भुगतान अधिनियम, 1936; न्यूनतम मजदूरी अधिनियम, 1948; बोनस भुगतान अधिनियम, 1965; तथा समान पारिश्रमिक अधिनियम, 1976—को समाहित करके एक व्यापक संहिता का रूप प्रदान किया है। इस अधिनियम का प्रमुख उद्देश्य सभी प्रकार के कर्मचारियों को न्यायसंगत वेतन प्रदान करना, वेतन भुगतान की प्रक्रिया को सरल बनाना, श्रमिकों के हितों की रक्षा करना तथा नियोक्ताओं और कर्मचारियों के बीच संतुलित संबंध स्थापित करना है। इसके माध्यम से सरकार ने श्रम कानूनों में व्याप्त जटिलताओं को कम करने तथा उद्योगों के लिए एक समान कानूनी ढाँचा उपलब्ध कराने का प्रयास किया है। वेतन संहिता अधिनियम, 2019 की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण विशेषता इसका व्यापक क्षेत्राधिकार है। पहले न्यूनतम मजदूरी केवल अनुसूचित रोजगारों तक सीमित थी, जबकि इस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत लगभग सभी संगठित और असंगठित क्षेत्रों के कर्मचारियों को न्यूनतम वेतन का लाभ प्रदान करने का प्रावधान किया गया है। इससे करोड़ों श्रमिकों को कानूनी सुरक्षा प्राप्त हुई है। इस अधिनियम में "वेतन" की एक समान परिभाषा दी गई है। वेतन में मूल वेतन, महँगाई भत्ता तथा प्रतिधारण भत्ता को सम्मिलित किया गया है, जबकि बोनस, मकान किराया भत्ता, यात्रा भत्ता, भविष्य निधि में नियोक्ता का अंशदान, ग्रेच्युटी तथा कुछ अन्य भत्तों को वेतन की परिभाषा से बाहर रखा गया है। यदि अपवर्जित भत्तों का कुल
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