Feminist perspectives on family, marriage, and kinship have fundamentally challenged the traditional sociological view that these institutions are natural, harmonious, and universally beneficial. Earlier sociological theories, especially structural functionalism, viewed the family as a stable institution that performed essential social functions such as reproduction, socialization, and emotional support. Feminist scholars argued that this perspective ignored the unequal distribution of power between men and women and failed to recognize the family as a site where gender inequality is produced and maintained. Their contributions have significantly transformed the sociological understanding of patriarchy, gender, and power relations, particularly in the Indian context. Liberal feminists focus on legal and institutional inequalities that restrict women's opportunities within family and marriage. They argue that unequal access to education, employment, property rights, and political participation reinforces women's subordinate status. Marriage often limits women's economic independence through the unequal division of domestic labour and childcare responsibilities. Liberal feminists advocate