India’s healthcare system is undergoing a transformation driven by rapid advancements in digital health technologies. These technologies promise improved accessibility, quality, and efficiency in care delivery; however, their adoption in India has encountered significant challenges. The unique socio‑economic fabric of the country, coupled with infrastructural limitations, regulatory concerns, and stakeholder readiness, has impacted the pace and effectiveness of digital health implementation. Understanding these challenges and appreciating the role of government initiatives in addressing them is essential for building a resilient and inclusive digital health ecosystem. One of the foremost challenges in adopting digital health technologies in India is digital infrastructure inadequacy. While urban centers have seen substantial growth in internet penetration and smartphone usage, rural and remote areas still lag behind. Digital health solutions such as telemedicine, mobile health apps, and remote monitoring systems depend heavily on stable internet connectivity and device accessibility. In regions where broadband penetration is poor or where people cannot afford smartphones or computing devices, these technologies remain out of reach. According to data, internet penetration in rural India is significantly lower than in urban areas, leading to a digital divide that directly affects healthcare access. Without reliable infrastructure, even well‑designed digital health platforms cannot reach the populations that need them most. Closely linked to infrastructure is the issue of digital literacy. India’s population is diverse in education levels, with a large proportion unfamiliar with digital tools. Many patients, especially the elderly and less educated, may find it difficult to navigate mobile applications, teleconsultation platforms, or electronic health records (EHRs). Similarly, healthcare providers themselves may lack the training or comfort needed to integrate digital tools into clinical workflows. A nurse in a primary health center may struggle with data entry into digital portals, while a doctor in a district hospital may not fully utilize decision support systems. This gap in digital skills creates resistance and hinders meaningful adoption of technology. Privacy and data security concerns also pose significant barriers. Digital health systems generate and store sensitive personal health information. In the absence of robust safeguards, there is a risk of data breaches, misuse of personal data, and unauthorized access. India’s legislative framework on data protection has been evolving, but uncertainties remain around enforcement, consent mechanisms, and data storage norms. Patients and providers alike may hesitate to adopt digital platforms if they fear that their private health data could be exposed or exploited. Ensuring trust and confidence in digital health services