Coastal regions represent one of the most dynamic interfaces where human activities and natural processes interact intensely. The human–environment relationship in these areas is shaped by both dependence on coastal resources and the pressures exerted by population growth, economic development, and environmental change. Coastal zones have historically attracted human settlements due to their strategic advantages such as access to marine resources, fertile deltas, and opportunities for trade and transportation. Human dependence on coastal environments is evident in diverse economic activities including fishing, aquaculture, tourism, port development, and industries. Marine fisheries provide livelihood to millions, particularly in developing countries, while aquaculture has expanded rapidly to meet global food demand. Coastal tourism contributes significantly to national economies, especially in tropical regions where beaches and coral reefs attract visitors. Ports and harbors facilitate international