Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory is one of the most influential theories in psychology and has significantly contributed to the field of counseling and guidance. The theory explains human behaviour by emphasizing the role of unconscious processes, early childhood experiences, internal conflicts, and personality development. Freud proposed that much of human behaviour is influenced by hidden thoughts, emotions, desires, and memories that individuals are not fully aware of. According to Freud, the human mind consists of three levels: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The conscious level includes thoughts and feelings that a person is aware of at a particular moment. The preconscious contains information that is not currently in awareness but can be recalled when needed. The unconscious is the deepest part of the mind and contains repressed wishes, fears, conflicts, and experiences that influence behaviour. Freud believed that understanding unconscious motives is essential for explaining personality and psychological problems. Freud also described personality structure through three components: id, ego, and superego. The id is the primitive and instinctive part of personality that operates