Hospitals are complex and high-risk occupancies where fire prevention and protection assume critical importance because of the presence of vulnerable occupants, continuous use of electrical and medical equipment, storage of flammable substances, and the need for uninterrupted services. Fire safety in hospitals is therefore based on a combination of preventive strategies, passive fire protection, active fire protection systems, and well-planned emergency preparedness measures designed to minimize the occurrence of fire and reduce loss of life, property, and essential services. Fire prevention measures in hospitals begin with safe planning, design, and layout of the facility. Zoning of hospital buildings into distinct functional areas such as patient care zones, diagnostic areas, laboratories, kitchens, stores, and utility spaces helps in identifying and controlling fire risks. Hazardous areas like boiler rooms, generator rooms, medical gas storage, kitchens, and laboratories are segregated from patient wards and provided with additional fire-resistant construction. Adequate spacing, proper ventilation, and controlled access to such areas significantly reduce the likelihood of fire spreading to critical patient areas. Control of ignition sources is a fundamental preventive measure. Hospitals rely heavily on electrical systems, so proper electrical design, load management, and maintenance are essential. Use of certified electrical equipment, proper earthing, avoidance of overloading sockets, and regular inspection of wiring reduce the risk of electrical fires. Electrical panels and switch rooms are kept locked, clean, and free from combustible materials. Preventive maintenance schedules ensure early detection of faults such as overheating, short circuits, or insulation failure. Safe management of flammable and combustible materials is another crucial preventive measure. Hospitals store chemicals, disinfectants, alcohol-based solutions, oxygen cylinders, and sometimes radioactive materials. These substances are stored in designated, well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources. Oxygen and other medical gases are handled with strict protocols, as oxygen-enriched environments significantly increase fire intensity. Smoking is strictly prohibited within hospital premises, and clear signage reinforces this rule. Good housekeeping practices play a major role in fire prevention. Accumulation of waste, linen, packaging material, and other combustibles is minimized through regular removal and proper disposal systems. Corridors, staircases, and exits are kept free from obstructions to prevent fire load build-up and to ensure safe evacuation. Linen and waste collection rooms are designed with fire-resistant construction and appropriate ventilation. Training and awareness among hospital staff are essential preventive measures. Doctors, nurses, technicians, and support staff are educated about fire hazards specific to hospital environments, safe work practices, and early reporting of potential risks. Regular fire safety training promotes a culture of vigilance, ensuring that unsafe practices are identified and corrected before they result in an incident. Fire protection measures in hospitals focus on limiting the spread of fire, detecting it early, and ensuring