The ethical visions of Buddhism and Jainism emerged in the Indian subcontinent as powerful responses to questions about suffering, responsibility, and the right way to live. Both traditions place moral action at the center of spiritual development, viewing ethics not merely as social regulation but as a transformative discipline that shapes character, consciousness, and ultimately liberation. While they share common cultural roots and certain foundational ideas such as karma, non-violence, and self-discipline, their outlooks differ in emphasis, metaphysical assumptions, and the rigor of ethical practice. In Buddhism, the moral framework is grounded in the teachings of Gautama Buddha, who presented ethics as an integral part of the path to end suffering. Moral action is not commanded by a divine authority but arises from insight into the nature of reality, particularly the principles of impermanence, non-self, and dependent origination. Ethical conduct, or sila, is one of the three pillars of the Noble Eightfold Path, alongside wisdom and mental discipline. The Buddha taught that wholesome actions are those motivated by non-greed, non-hatred, and non-delusion, because these mental states reduce suffering for oneself and others. Thus, intention becomes the core of moral evaluation; an action’s ethical quality depends primarily on the mental state behind it rather than on ritual correctness or social status. The Five Precepts—abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, false speech, and intoxicants—serve as practical guidelines for lay followers, while monastics observe more detailed rules. These precepts are not seen as rigid commandments but as training principles that cultivate mindfulness and compassion. Compassion (karuna) and loving-kindness (metta) function as the emotional foundations of moral life, encouraging individuals to act with empathy and a universal concern for welfare. Because all beings are interdependent, harming others ultimately perpetuates suffering within the broader web of existence. Moral action therefore has both psychological and social dimensions, contributing to personal liberation (nirvana) while promoting harmony in the community. Jainism, associated with the teachings of Mahavira, presents one of the most rigorous ethical systems in world philosophy. At its core lies the principle of ahimsa, or absolute non-violence, which extends not only to humans and